Composition
Before starting a photo shoot photographers should always consider lighting, exposure, noise in the environment and other settings, it is important though that they take good care of composition. The rule of the thirds applies for all styles of photography, landscape, macro and portraits. Rules of the third is where instead of having the subject (the main focus in the image) in the centre of frame the subject is therefore put in an intersection of the thirds. So therefore the subject doesn’t just need to be in the centre of the image, they can be placed in either points 1,2,3 or 4.

When it comes to cropping the subject to make the image have a focus point on a specific detail, it sometimes gives the image another feel. High mega pixel camera’s are always a great camera to use during a shoot as cropping can always be done after the shoot in the post-production process.
However in other case, when its not about the detail in the image, is a good idea to use the subject in the image and take the picture as if the subject is about to leave.
Using diagonals in an image on all subjects used in the image, its best to have the diagonal that is down left to up right as this works better than up left up to down as it appears like going up in the image rather than going down.
 The Diagonal Line
When it comes to viewpoint when taking a image, some people keep the camera at the eye leave, however the perspective can change, this can sometimes occur with wider angle lenses. When getting the right angle it is better to get the viewpoint pointing up to down as this is quite more seen situation than having the camera pointing down to up. Nowadays, most cameras come with rotating LCD’s.
Background is one of the key elements. This is because is a photographer is shooting against a busy background with many elements and use of colors then it is quite possible that in the image the busy background can take away the attention of the main subject.
http://stepheneastwood.com/
http://www.trevorbrady.com/
Monday, 3 May 2010
Sunday, 21 February 2010
Understanding the Media Industries
ASA
What is their full name?
Advertising Standards Authority
Who do they regulate? Which areas of the media?
They are the UK’s independent regulator that regulates in advertising across the media.
The areas of the media this includes are Television, Internet, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing.
Are the regulatory or self- regulatory?
In the UK the advertising regulatory system is a mix of regulatory and self regulatory. This is because the self regulatory is for non-broadcast and the regulatory is for broadcast advertising.
ASA ensure that advertisements are legal, honest and decent this is by applying advertising codes.
Nearly 2,500 advertisements were changed or taken off in 2008 thanks to ASA with a range of effective sanctions and with the help of the advertisers who agreed with their decisions.
NUJ
What is their full name?
National Union of Journalism
Who do they regulate? Which areas of the media?
NUJ are an active campaigning organisation in search of improving the pay and conditions of members and working towards protecting and promoting media freedom, professionalism in all media around. Members who work across the whole industry are called staffers, freelances, writers and reporters, editors/ sub editors, photographers and illustrators. Members who work in broadcasting, include newspapers, magazines, books in public relations and in a variety of new media.
Are the regulatory or self- regulatory?
National Union of Journalism is self-regulatory.
The NUJ believe that together their stronger as a company, that together they can make a difference. Some examples are they offer, a committed and campaigning voice for pay and conditions, Protection at work and Free expert legal advice.
PCC
What is their full name?
Press Complaints Commission
Who do they regulate? Which areas of the media?
The PCC is designed to deal with complaints about content made my editors of newspapers and magazines (this also includes their websites.)
Are the regulatory or self- regulatory?
The PCC are an individual self regulatory body.
Industry standards tend to be high by training journalists and editors, and work
behind the scenes to prevent harassment and media interference. They can also provide pre-publication advice to journalists and the public.
Criminal Law and Civil Law- What are the differences between these?
The difference between Criminal law and Civil law is that, Civil law disagreement between people, companies and other organisations. For example if another person or a business is sued or even is someone files a lawsuit against another person, the case will end up in a civil court. This differs from Criminal Law as criminals who commit a crime is considered to be wrong, misleading individuals or even to a society as a whole is in other words unacceptable. A criminal justice system is the device in which actions are taken to deal with people who are suspected to committing crime. The system therefore refers to the process from an investigation of the suspected crime and if found guilty, and conviction and sentence in a criminal court.
Health and Safety- What H&S checks would you make before a photo shoot?
In the studio, would need to make sure that the backdrop used in securely taped down at the ends so that no-one trips or falls over the corners.
On location, would need to make sure that the location is safe to be in so that no accidents occur.
If any props or costumes are used in both location and studio and that they may be heavy that they are carefully handled so that no injuries occur.
If heavy equipment needs to be moved out of the way on location or studio, make sure there is enough people are about to help move it.
If any lighting is used during a photo shoot make sure that it is correctly set up.
Copyright- What is copyright? What can you actually copyright and How does this protect you as the author of text or images?
Copyright is the restricted rights that is decided to the author or a creator of an original piece of work. This includes the right to copy the work, handout and adapt the work.
The products that you can actually copyright usually consist from authors who write books, magazine articles, music labels, images and films. In some cases people who research and then broadcast it on the internet, that is their original piece of work, so there if people us their work or write word for word then its copyrighting that person work.
As an author, this protects them by them copyrighting there images they might upload to the internet, so if people researching are the topic the images may come under then they can not use the images as they have been created by another author, this also applies to music artists who copyright their music so that no other artist can copy their soundtrack or lyrics, without their permission.
Libel Law- What is defamation? What is libel? What is slander?
Defamation
This is when someone makes up a fake claim or story about someone else that could effect their reputation.
Libel
This is when a statement is written or made permanent. This could be wrote in a newspaper article, on the television or broadcasted on the radio, through an email or even posted on a website.
Slander
Slander is when a statement or claim is spoken out loud or it could be an action or gesture made.
Data Protection- What is the Data Protection Act?
The Data Protection Act is a UK Act of Parliament, where is defines UK law which processes data on identifiable living people. Its the main legal responsibility that governs the protection of personal data throughout the UK. However the Act is known for not mentioning privacy, which provides a way in which individuals can control information about themselves.
Ethnics
Ethnics are a group of people that share a common and individual tradition. Being a member of a certain ethnic group, belonging to a national group by culture or legacy however they reside outside its national boundaries. Members of a particular ethnic group, particularly those who maintain the language of the group.
Job Vancancies
These events are all ones that we are unable to cover with our existing teams of photographers and so we are looking to sell them to other photographers. They are all events that we have either covered previously, or the clients do not wish to use other photography companies they have had in the past.
All of the events meet our criteria where we "vet" them to ensure that they will be profitable, you will also be the only photographer who will be authorised to sell photos, so there will be no competition. There is one major event company that take on lots of bookings and then cancels on the client at short notice and so we pride ourselves on not doing this - once we have booked a job we honour that booking. In fact some of the events advertised are larger and almost certainly more profitable than the ones we have taken ourselves, but at the end of the day we will have happy clients who will come back again next time.
Because all our existing photographers are already working, all our equipment and sales people will be also. That is why we are offering the events on a self employed basis, However I strongly suggest that you work as part of a team of photographers and sales people as one person alone will not be able to do everything succesfully.
What is their full name?
Advertising Standards Authority
Who do they regulate? Which areas of the media?
They are the UK’s independent regulator that regulates in advertising across the media.
The areas of the media this includes are Television, Internet, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing.
Are the regulatory or self- regulatory?
In the UK the advertising regulatory system is a mix of regulatory and self regulatory. This is because the self regulatory is for non-broadcast and the regulatory is for broadcast advertising.
ASA ensure that advertisements are legal, honest and decent this is by applying advertising codes.
Nearly 2,500 advertisements were changed or taken off in 2008 thanks to ASA with a range of effective sanctions and with the help of the advertisers who agreed with their decisions.
NUJ
What is their full name?
National Union of Journalism
Who do they regulate? Which areas of the media?
NUJ are an active campaigning organisation in search of improving the pay and conditions of members and working towards protecting and promoting media freedom, professionalism in all media around. Members who work across the whole industry are called staffers, freelances, writers and reporters, editors/ sub editors, photographers and illustrators. Members who work in broadcasting, include newspapers, magazines, books in public relations and in a variety of new media.
Are the regulatory or self- regulatory?
National Union of Journalism is self-regulatory.
The NUJ believe that together their stronger as a company, that together they can make a difference. Some examples are they offer, a committed and campaigning voice for pay and conditions, Protection at work and Free expert legal advice.
PCC
What is their full name?
Press Complaints Commission
Who do they regulate? Which areas of the media?
The PCC is designed to deal with complaints about content made my editors of newspapers and magazines (this also includes their websites.)
Are the regulatory or self- regulatory?
The PCC are an individual self regulatory body.
Industry standards tend to be high by training journalists and editors, and work
behind the scenes to prevent harassment and media interference. They can also provide pre-publication advice to journalists and the public.
Criminal Law and Civil Law- What are the differences between these?
The difference between Criminal law and Civil law is that, Civil law disagreement between people, companies and other organisations. For example if another person or a business is sued or even is someone files a lawsuit against another person, the case will end up in a civil court. This differs from Criminal Law as criminals who commit a crime is considered to be wrong, misleading individuals or even to a society as a whole is in other words unacceptable. A criminal justice system is the device in which actions are taken to deal with people who are suspected to committing crime. The system therefore refers to the process from an investigation of the suspected crime and if found guilty, and conviction and sentence in a criminal court.
Health and Safety- What H&S checks would you make before a photo shoot?
In the studio, would need to make sure that the backdrop used in securely taped down at the ends so that no-one trips or falls over the corners.
On location, would need to make sure that the location is safe to be in so that no accidents occur.
If any props or costumes are used in both location and studio and that they may be heavy that they are carefully handled so that no injuries occur.
If heavy equipment needs to be moved out of the way on location or studio, make sure there is enough people are about to help move it.
If any lighting is used during a photo shoot make sure that it is correctly set up.
Copyright- What is copyright? What can you actually copyright and How does this protect you as the author of text or images?
Copyright is the restricted rights that is decided to the author or a creator of an original piece of work. This includes the right to copy the work, handout and adapt the work.
The products that you can actually copyright usually consist from authors who write books, magazine articles, music labels, images and films. In some cases people who research and then broadcast it on the internet, that is their original piece of work, so there if people us their work or write word for word then its copyrighting that person work.
As an author, this protects them by them copyrighting there images they might upload to the internet, so if people researching are the topic the images may come under then they can not use the images as they have been created by another author, this also applies to music artists who copyright their music so that no other artist can copy their soundtrack or lyrics, without their permission.
Libel Law- What is defamation? What is libel? What is slander?
Defamation
This is when someone makes up a fake claim or story about someone else that could effect their reputation.
Libel
This is when a statement is written or made permanent. This could be wrote in a newspaper article, on the television or broadcasted on the radio, through an email or even posted on a website.
Slander
Slander is when a statement or claim is spoken out loud or it could be an action or gesture made.
Data Protection- What is the Data Protection Act?
The Data Protection Act is a UK Act of Parliament, where is defines UK law which processes data on identifiable living people. Its the main legal responsibility that governs the protection of personal data throughout the UK. However the Act is known for not mentioning privacy, which provides a way in which individuals can control information about themselves.
Ethnics
Ethnics are a group of people that share a common and individual tradition. Being a member of a certain ethnic group, belonging to a national group by culture or legacy however they reside outside its national boundaries. Members of a particular ethnic group, particularly those who maintain the language of the group.
Job Vancancies
These events are all ones that we are unable to cover with our existing teams of photographers and so we are looking to sell them to other photographers. They are all events that we have either covered previously, or the clients do not wish to use other photography companies they have had in the past.
All of the events meet our criteria where we "vet" them to ensure that they will be profitable, you will also be the only photographer who will be authorised to sell photos, so there will be no competition. There is one major event company that take on lots of bookings and then cancels on the client at short notice and so we pride ourselves on not doing this - once we have booked a job we honour that booking. In fact some of the events advertised are larger and almost certainly more profitable than the ones we have taken ourselves, but at the end of the day we will have happy clients who will come back again next time.
Because all our existing photographers are already working, all our equipment and sales people will be also. That is why we are offering the events on a self employed basis, However I strongly suggest that you work as part of a team of photographers and sales people as one person alone will not be able to do everything succesfully.
Friday, 5 February 2010
Fox News
The media company I have decided to research and present is Fox News.
History
Fox News was launched on October 7th 1996. Broadcasting throughout all of the United States and Internationally. The company is owned by News Corporation.
In February 1996, Roger Ailes a former NBC executive left America’s Talking and was then called to start the Fox News Channel. Roger Ailes worked people through 5 months of a 14 hour workday and many weeks of rehearsal shows before the launch on October 7th 1996. On the launch day, 10 million household were able to watch the Fox News Channel and that’s not including the major media markets of New York City and Los Angeles. Its first rolling news coverage during the day included a 20 minute single topic shows such as Fox on Crime and Fox on Politics which was included by news headlines. The interviews that took place has a number of facts at the bottom of the screen about the current topic or the guest. The certain newscast back then at that time was called The Schneider Report, with Mike Schneider as the guest giving a fast paces report on the news topic. The course of the evening, Fox had opinion shows. Or example. The O’Reilly Report.
What media industries are they involves in?
Fox News are involves in a number of media industries. Fox News Channel archives most of its programming. The licensing of the Fox News archive is handled by a ITN source. Fox News Channel presents a variety of programming, this can lead up to 15 hours of live broadcasting everyday. The addition to the programming and content for Fox Broadcasting Company. October 11th an article was released in the New York Times. This expressed that its “hard news” programming ran from 9am til 4pm and then 6pm til 8pm on weekdays.
Another industry they are involved in is Radio. This is known as Fox News Radio. Fox News was about to introduce a radio show with the company developing and introduced Fox News Radio back in 2003. This was broadcasted throughout the United States, which then provide short newscasts and a few radio talk programs. Since 2006 the network had introduced Fox News Talk, this is a satellite radio station.
Finally, Fox News was able to produce an website online which would include the latest coverage of the news. Video clips would be uploaded from the television network and audio clips from the radio shows.
Is the company involves just in media industries or other businesses?
Fox News has other sister channels, this include:
Ÿ Fox Business Network
Ÿ Fox Broadcasting Company
Ÿ Sky News
Ÿ Sky News in Australia
Who owns the company?
Fox News is owned by Australian/ American media entrepreneur Rupert Murdoch. He also hired Roger Ailes.
Rupert Murdoch
Rupert Murdoch who’s full name is Keith Rupert Murdoch was born March 11th 1931. Murdoch was born in Melbourne, Australia and become a media entrepreneur in America. Murdoch went off to study at Oxford University in England where he got support from the Labour party. With the death of his father at just 22, he was demanded to return back to university to therefore take over of the family business built up by his father to then go on to become a Managing Director of News Limited in 1953. He is a now founder, a major shareholder, chairman and managing director of New Corporation (News Corp).
What companies do they own?
Murdoch started out from the beginning with one newspaper in Adelaide. After that he started other publications in Australia before then going on to expand on News Corp into the UK and United States and Asian media markets. In the late 1950s while he was still in Australia he first got into television and later sold these assets. News Corp’s Australian current media interests where controlled by cross media ownership rules. Murdoch’s first venture to get into TV was in the UK, where he was able to create Sky Television in 1989. In the 2000s he became a leading investor in a number of satellite television, the film industry and finally the internet.
How does it make its money?
Fox News has a number of media industries its involved in so each industry makes its own money. Most of the finance that is made comes from the Fox News Channel.
Are the companies horizontally or vertically integrated?
Fox News consists of both horizontal and vertical integration. As of this new economy the vertical integration was reflected by the AOL and Time Warner. At the moment, Fox Family is basically a stand-alone network but by integrating the channel with ABC Cable Networks and Disney Channel Worldwide, they will be able to provide this channel with marketing, distribution, program development, program scheduling and sales. Fox Family and Fox Kids are horizontal integration.
What is the size of the company?
Fox News is a big organization and comes under being a Major Company (TNC).
Is it Local, National or Global company?
Fox News is a Global company because it is under being a Major Company.
Is the company publicly or privately owned?
Fox News Channel is owned by shareholders. So therefore making it publicly owned. They tend to be in control and like to do what they want. Rupert Murdoch is a shareholder.
History
Fox News was launched on October 7th 1996. Broadcasting throughout all of the United States and Internationally. The company is owned by News Corporation.
In February 1996, Roger Ailes a former NBC executive left America’s Talking and was then called to start the Fox News Channel. Roger Ailes worked people through 5 months of a 14 hour workday and many weeks of rehearsal shows before the launch on October 7th 1996. On the launch day, 10 million household were able to watch the Fox News Channel and that’s not including the major media markets of New York City and Los Angeles. Its first rolling news coverage during the day included a 20 minute single topic shows such as Fox on Crime and Fox on Politics which was included by news headlines. The interviews that took place has a number of facts at the bottom of the screen about the current topic or the guest. The certain newscast back then at that time was called The Schneider Report, with Mike Schneider as the guest giving a fast paces report on the news topic. The course of the evening, Fox had opinion shows. Or example. The O’Reilly Report.
What media industries are they involves in?
Fox News are involves in a number of media industries. Fox News Channel archives most of its programming. The licensing of the Fox News archive is handled by a ITN source. Fox News Channel presents a variety of programming, this can lead up to 15 hours of live broadcasting everyday. The addition to the programming and content for Fox Broadcasting Company. October 11th an article was released in the New York Times. This expressed that its “hard news” programming ran from 9am til 4pm and then 6pm til 8pm on weekdays.
Another industry they are involved in is Radio. This is known as Fox News Radio. Fox News was about to introduce a radio show with the company developing and introduced Fox News Radio back in 2003. This was broadcasted throughout the United States, which then provide short newscasts and a few radio talk programs. Since 2006 the network had introduced Fox News Talk, this is a satellite radio station.
Finally, Fox News was able to produce an website online which would include the latest coverage of the news. Video clips would be uploaded from the television network and audio clips from the radio shows.
Is the company involves just in media industries or other businesses?
Fox News has other sister channels, this include:
Ÿ Fox Business Network
Ÿ Fox Broadcasting Company
Ÿ Sky News
Ÿ Sky News in Australia
Who owns the company?
Fox News is owned by Australian/ American media entrepreneur Rupert Murdoch. He also hired Roger Ailes.
Rupert Murdoch
Rupert Murdoch who’s full name is Keith Rupert Murdoch was born March 11th 1931. Murdoch was born in Melbourne, Australia and become a media entrepreneur in America. Murdoch went off to study at Oxford University in England where he got support from the Labour party. With the death of his father at just 22, he was demanded to return back to university to therefore take over of the family business built up by his father to then go on to become a Managing Director of News Limited in 1953. He is a now founder, a major shareholder, chairman and managing director of New Corporation (News Corp).
What companies do they own?
Murdoch started out from the beginning with one newspaper in Adelaide. After that he started other publications in Australia before then going on to expand on News Corp into the UK and United States and Asian media markets. In the late 1950s while he was still in Australia he first got into television and later sold these assets. News Corp’s Australian current media interests where controlled by cross media ownership rules. Murdoch’s first venture to get into TV was in the UK, where he was able to create Sky Television in 1989. In the 2000s he became a leading investor in a number of satellite television, the film industry and finally the internet.
How does it make its money?
Fox News has a number of media industries its involved in so each industry makes its own money. Most of the finance that is made comes from the Fox News Channel.
Are the companies horizontally or vertically integrated?
Fox News consists of both horizontal and vertical integration. As of this new economy the vertical integration was reflected by the AOL and Time Warner. At the moment, Fox Family is basically a stand-alone network but by integrating the channel with ABC Cable Networks and Disney Channel Worldwide, they will be able to provide this channel with marketing, distribution, program development, program scheduling and sales. Fox Family and Fox Kids are horizontal integration.
What is the size of the company?
Fox News is a big organization and comes under being a Major Company (TNC).
Is it Local, National or Global company?
Fox News is a Global company because it is under being a Major Company.
Is the company publicly or privately owned?
Fox News Channel is owned by shareholders. So therefore making it publicly owned. They tend to be in control and like to do what they want. Rupert Murdoch is a shareholder.
Tuesday, 5 January 2010
Media Company Research
Fox News
The media company I have decided to research and present is Fox News.
History
Fox News was launched on October 7th 1996. Broadcasting throughout all of the United States and Internationally. The company is owned by News Corporation.
In February 1996, Roger Ailes a former NBC executive left America’s Talking and was then called to start the Fox News Channel. Roger Ailes worked people through 5 months of a 14 hour workday and many weeks of rehearsal shows before the launch on October 7th 1996. On the launch day, 10 million household were able to watch the Fox News Channel and that’s not including the major media markets of New York City and Los Angeles. Its first rolling news coverage during the day included a 20 minute single topic shows such as Fox on Crime and Fox on Politics which was included by news headlines. The interviews that took place has a number of facts at the bottom of the screen about the current topic or the guest. The certain newscast back then at that time was called The Schneider Report, with Mike Schneider as the guest giving a fast paces report on the news topic. The course of the evening, Fox had opinion shows. Or example. The O’Reilly Report.
What media industries are they involves in?
Fox News are involves in a number of media industries. Fox News Channel archives most of its programming. The licensing of the Fox News archive is handled by a ITN source. Fox News Channel presents a variety of programming, this can lead up to 15 hours of live broadcasting everyday. The addition to the programming and content for Fox Broadcasting Company. October 11th an article was released in the New York Times. This expressed that its “hard news” programming ran from 9am til 4pm and then 6pm til 8pm on weekdays.
Another industry they are involved in is Radio. This is known as Fox News Radio. Fox News was about to introduce a radio show with the company developing and introduced Fox News Radio back in 2003. This was broadcasted throughout the United States, which then provide short newscasts and a few radio talk programs. Since 2006 the network had introduced Fox News Talk, this is a satellite radio station.
Finally, Fox News was able to produce an website online which would include the latest coverage of the news. Video clips would be uploaded from the television network and audio clips from the radio shows.
Is the company involves just in media industries or other businesses?
Fox News has other sister channels, this include:
Ÿ Fox Business Network
Ÿ Fox Broadcasting Company
Ÿ Sky News
Ÿ Sky News in Australia
Who owns the company?
Fox News is owned by Australian/ American media entrepreneur Rupert Murdoch. He also hired Roger Ailes.
Rupert Murdoch
Rupert Murdoch who’s full name is Keith Rupert Murdoch was born March 11th 1931. Murdoch was born in Melbourne, Australia and become a media entrepreneur in America. Murdoch went off to study at Oxford University in England where he got support from the Labour party. With the death of his father at just 22, he was demanded to return back to university to therefore take over of the family business built up by his father to then go on to become a Managing Director of News Limited in 1953. He is a now founder, a major shareholder, chairman and managing director of New Corporation (News Corp).
What companies do they own?
Murdoch started out from the beginning with one newspaper in Adelaide. After that he started other publications in Australia before then going on to expand on News Corp into the UK and United States and Asian media markets. In the late 1950s while he was still in Australia he first got into television and later sold these assets. News Corp’s Australian current media interests where controlled by cross media ownership rules. Murdoch’s first venture to get into TV was in the UK, where he was able to create Sky Television in 1989. In the 2000s he became a leading investor in a number of satellite television, the film industry and finally the internet.
How does it make its money?
Fox News has a number of media industries its involved in so each industry makes its own money. Most of the finance that is made comes from the Fox News Channel.
Are the companies horizontally or vertically integrated?
Fox News consists of both horizontal and vertical integration. As of this new economy the vertical integration was reflected by the AOL and Time Warner. At the moment, Fox Family is basically a stand-alone network but by integrating the channel with ABC Cable Networks and Disney Channel Worldwide, they will be able to provide this channel with marketing, distribution, program development, program scheduling and sales. Fox Family and Fox Kids are horizontal integration.
What is the size of the company?
Fox News is a big organization and comes under being a Major Company (TNC).
Is it Local, National or Global company?
Fox News is a Global company because it is under being a Major Company.
Is the company publicly or privately owned?
Fox News Channel is owned by shareholders. So therefore making it publicly owned. They tend to be in control and like to do what they want. Rupert Murdoch is a shareholder.
The media company I have decided to research and present is Fox News.
History
Fox News was launched on October 7th 1996. Broadcasting throughout all of the United States and Internationally. The company is owned by News Corporation.
In February 1996, Roger Ailes a former NBC executive left America’s Talking and was then called to start the Fox News Channel. Roger Ailes worked people through 5 months of a 14 hour workday and many weeks of rehearsal shows before the launch on October 7th 1996. On the launch day, 10 million household were able to watch the Fox News Channel and that’s not including the major media markets of New York City and Los Angeles. Its first rolling news coverage during the day included a 20 minute single topic shows such as Fox on Crime and Fox on Politics which was included by news headlines. The interviews that took place has a number of facts at the bottom of the screen about the current topic or the guest. The certain newscast back then at that time was called The Schneider Report, with Mike Schneider as the guest giving a fast paces report on the news topic. The course of the evening, Fox had opinion shows. Or example. The O’Reilly Report.
What media industries are they involves in?
Fox News are involves in a number of media industries. Fox News Channel archives most of its programming. The licensing of the Fox News archive is handled by a ITN source. Fox News Channel presents a variety of programming, this can lead up to 15 hours of live broadcasting everyday. The addition to the programming and content for Fox Broadcasting Company. October 11th an article was released in the New York Times. This expressed that its “hard news” programming ran from 9am til 4pm and then 6pm til 8pm on weekdays.
Another industry they are involved in is Radio. This is known as Fox News Radio. Fox News was about to introduce a radio show with the company developing and introduced Fox News Radio back in 2003. This was broadcasted throughout the United States, which then provide short newscasts and a few radio talk programs. Since 2006 the network had introduced Fox News Talk, this is a satellite radio station.
Finally, Fox News was able to produce an website online which would include the latest coverage of the news. Video clips would be uploaded from the television network and audio clips from the radio shows.
Is the company involves just in media industries or other businesses?
Fox News has other sister channels, this include:
Ÿ Fox Business Network
Ÿ Fox Broadcasting Company
Ÿ Sky News
Ÿ Sky News in Australia
Who owns the company?
Fox News is owned by Australian/ American media entrepreneur Rupert Murdoch. He also hired Roger Ailes.
Rupert Murdoch
Rupert Murdoch who’s full name is Keith Rupert Murdoch was born March 11th 1931. Murdoch was born in Melbourne, Australia and become a media entrepreneur in America. Murdoch went off to study at Oxford University in England where he got support from the Labour party. With the death of his father at just 22, he was demanded to return back to university to therefore take over of the family business built up by his father to then go on to become a Managing Director of News Limited in 1953. He is a now founder, a major shareholder, chairman and managing director of New Corporation (News Corp).
What companies do they own?
Murdoch started out from the beginning with one newspaper in Adelaide. After that he started other publications in Australia before then going on to expand on News Corp into the UK and United States and Asian media markets. In the late 1950s while he was still in Australia he first got into television and later sold these assets. News Corp’s Australian current media interests where controlled by cross media ownership rules. Murdoch’s first venture to get into TV was in the UK, where he was able to create Sky Television in 1989. In the 2000s he became a leading investor in a number of satellite television, the film industry and finally the internet.
How does it make its money?
Fox News has a number of media industries its involved in so each industry makes its own money. Most of the finance that is made comes from the Fox News Channel.
Are the companies horizontally or vertically integrated?
Fox News consists of both horizontal and vertical integration. As of this new economy the vertical integration was reflected by the AOL and Time Warner. At the moment, Fox Family is basically a stand-alone network but by integrating the channel with ABC Cable Networks and Disney Channel Worldwide, they will be able to provide this channel with marketing, distribution, program development, program scheduling and sales. Fox Family and Fox Kids are horizontal integration.
What is the size of the company?
Fox News is a big organization and comes under being a Major Company (TNC).
Is it Local, National or Global company?
Fox News is a Global company because it is under being a Major Company.
Is the company publicly or privately owned?
Fox News Channel is owned by shareholders. So therefore making it publicly owned. They tend to be in control and like to do what they want. Rupert Murdoch is a shareholder.
Tuesday, 15 December 2009
Industry Glossary
Audience
Is a gathering of listeners at a usually public performance or concert. Also audience can be known for listening to music, buying etc.
Advertising Standards Authority
A company that makes sure that everything meet high standards of media and in doing this making sure it is fair.
Broadcasters Audience Research Board (BARB)
Is a server that provides audiences figures watching programmes at the same time. This usually is an estimate.
British Board of Film Classification (BBFC)
Set up to legally classify age certification of films and video games.
Broadcasting
Sending information over a network. It comes from one source and people then it picks it up from another network.
Company Size: Major Companies (TNC)
Major companies are big organisation such as Fox news, BBC, Sky.
Company Size: Big to Medium
Big to medium sized is where a profit- network under £11.5 million profit.
Company Size: Independent
Anything that is not owned by anyone else. For example IP1.
Cross Media Companies
Draws viewers of TV and press start using the web and mobiles more often.
Horizontal Integration
Is when companies own more then one building or firm. For example a magazine could take over/buy another one.
Institution
An organisation that heavily looks on companies such as banks, large media companies, for example to make sure they are reaching guide lines.
New Media Industry
New Media that has been launched. Digital- web designs, online radio, mobile phones. New technology that has also advanced over the years.
Narrowcasting
A certain channel chooses a certain audience by what they broadcast. Aiming at a smaller audience.
National Readership Survey (NRS)
A company that measures and records how many people have bought and read magazines and newspapers.
Office of Communications (OFCOM)
The independent regulatory body for big communications are reaching guidelines to what they say they are doing.
Press Complaints Commission
Self-regulatory body for making sure that newspapers are making good journalism.
Private Ownership
Private ownership of a magazine which is owned and funded by one person or a small group.
Public Ownership
Owned by share holders who do what they want. Funding by what the public pay (TV Licence).
Public Service Broadcasting
Is a broadcasting organization made financially and controlled by the public, for other members of the public . This organisation has no political interference.
Regulatory Body
is an independent organisation that was established by the government, that regulates the activities of companies in an industry. (Ofcom)
Self-Regulatory Body
Is an organisation that exercises a certain amount of regulatory authority over an industry. Body that regulates itself.
Vertical Integration
The process in which several steps in a production and distribution of a product or service by a single company.
Is a gathering of listeners at a usually public performance or concert. Also audience can be known for listening to music, buying etc.
Advertising Standards Authority
A company that makes sure that everything meet high standards of media and in doing this making sure it is fair.
Broadcasters Audience Research Board (BARB)
Is a server that provides audiences figures watching programmes at the same time. This usually is an estimate.
British Board of Film Classification (BBFC)
Set up to legally classify age certification of films and video games.
Broadcasting
Sending information over a network. It comes from one source and people then it picks it up from another network.
Company Size: Major Companies (TNC)
Major companies are big organisation such as Fox news, BBC, Sky.
Company Size: Big to Medium
Big to medium sized is where a profit- network under £11.5 million profit.
Company Size: Independent
Anything that is not owned by anyone else. For example IP1.
Cross Media Companies
Draws viewers of TV and press start using the web and mobiles more often.
Horizontal Integration
Is when companies own more then one building or firm. For example a magazine could take over/buy another one.
Institution
An organisation that heavily looks on companies such as banks, large media companies, for example to make sure they are reaching guide lines.
New Media Industry
New Media that has been launched. Digital- web designs, online radio, mobile phones. New technology that has also advanced over the years.
Narrowcasting
A certain channel chooses a certain audience by what they broadcast. Aiming at a smaller audience.
National Readership Survey (NRS)
A company that measures and records how many people have bought and read magazines and newspapers.
Office of Communications (OFCOM)
The independent regulatory body for big communications are reaching guidelines to what they say they are doing.
Press Complaints Commission
Self-regulatory body for making sure that newspapers are making good journalism.
Private Ownership
Private ownership of a magazine which is owned and funded by one person or a small group.
Public Ownership
Owned by share holders who do what they want. Funding by what the public pay (TV Licence).
Public Service Broadcasting
Is a broadcasting organization made financially and controlled by the public, for other members of the public . This organisation has no political interference.
Regulatory Body
is an independent organisation that was established by the government, that regulates the activities of companies in an industry. (Ofcom)
Self-Regulatory Body
Is an organisation that exercises a certain amount of regulatory authority over an industry. Body that regulates itself.
Vertical Integration
The process in which several steps in a production and distribution of a product or service by a single company.
Friday, 11 December 2009
Magazine Industry Research.
Photographer
A photographer produces a number of images to a specific audience to the standard that they require. Their main purposes usually can vary between artistic, commercial and editorial and the content can represent anything. Example of products that photographer may work:
· Landscapes
· Magazines Articles
· Railways
· Fashion
· Sports
· Music events
Photographers are normally not known for being just general photographers. A professional photographer would normally specialise in one area, however work activities will vary according to the amount of work a specialised photographer does. Some examples of activities photographers may do are working with the clients to get an idea of the photo’s they are requiring, some photographer may do some research and make preparations for the shoot and finally another example a photographer may work on different locations and see what works well to the clients requirements. Nowadays half of professional photographers are mostly self-employed. An advantage for being a self employed photographer means they are in control of all the work that is produced so therefore if they are working on a photo shoot they then take on the role of a Director and quite possibly be an Editor for the photo’s they take. All the money they make they can keep, this is known as making a profit. A disadvantage however for a self-employed photographer without have an employer the photographer has the job of finding and to develop new clients. Also while without a fixed salary the levels of income are uncertain.
The remaining half would work for a wide range of photography company employers, these usually include
· Creative businesses
· Publishers
· Photography Agencies
With working in a photography company all the money made goes towards the company and is used towards paying the entire employee’s who work for the company.
Salaries for Photographers
Photography is a very competitive job and the result of that means photographers will only have a successful career and a good salary then the photographers needs to put the dedication and have the talent.
The average salary for a Photographer in the UK is around: £22,785.
According to the government’s Bureau of Labour Studies job statistics for photographer held around a rough estimate of 130,000 back in 2002; and around 50% of these were self-employed and on average many more of than for all other occupations.
Statistics for salaried positions for photographers showed that most of them worked for commercial photography studio are, advertising agencies, magazines and newspapers and television companies.
Job Vacancies
https://jobs.bbc.co.uk/fe/tpl_bbc01.asp?newms=hm
From using the link above, I tried looking for job vacancies for photography/photographers and the BBC didn’t have any job vacancies. The only jobs that had going was for in New Media industry was
· Digital Design Executive, Content & Channels Team
· Digital Design Manager, Content & Channels Team
· Interactive Editor, Radio 3/Classical
http://www.the-aop.org/home.asp?s=awards
On this website I was able to find a number of different jobs, these ranged from around: Production Co-ordinator, Studio Manager, and Senior Retoucher.
Press Publishers
Press Publishers is another name for people who are proofreaders when it comes to publishing a magazine or newspaper. Usually they would ensure that all the texts that is published are well written, the grammar is all correct. In the industry, it is known that it is not uncommon for press publishers will work with a number of employee’s at the same time. Some work activities, depending on how experienced the press publishers are and the employee’s activities this usually include; working with I-T based publishing systems, databases, paper manuscripts, disks and even the internet.
Salaries for Press Publishers
For press publishers their salaries vary from how many years they work as a press publisher and how many years experience that they have. 1-4 years their salary is roughly around 35,000-60,000 per year. 5-9 years their salary is from around 35,000- 65,000. For 10-19 years their salary is around 50,000-110,000 and finally for 20 years and over their salary is around 62,000-140,000.
Press Sub Editor
A press sub editor is responsible for the final look of the final copy that is published. This includes making sure that the style, tone and layout. They have to make sure that in doing this that it meets the criteria of the publications house style and whether it suit the target audience its aimed at. The editor work usually involves them processing all of the copies made before it is published to ensure that it reads well and fits together, it the grammar is correct and it is all factually correct. Another job they tend to make sure of is the layout of the story on the page, they write the headings of the stories and if any are needed on the page and also are sometimes design the overall page designs.
Salary for Press Sub Editors
The starting salaries for sub editors range from 17,000-20,000 for local paper and for small magazine companies.
Then 20,000-23,000 for larger regional or national paper companies.
However, salaries can sometimes lower though from the figures above this is because journalism is a popular field and may drive the entry pay down. Salaries for experienced or more senior sub-editors can vary from £25,000 to £50,000. And journalism can sometimes effect this too.
A photographer produces a number of images to a specific audience to the standard that they require. Their main purposes usually can vary between artistic, commercial and editorial and the content can represent anything. Example of products that photographer may work:
· Landscapes
· Magazines Articles
· Railways
· Fashion
· Sports
· Music events
Photographers are normally not known for being just general photographers. A professional photographer would normally specialise in one area, however work activities will vary according to the amount of work a specialised photographer does. Some examples of activities photographers may do are working with the clients to get an idea of the photo’s they are requiring, some photographer may do some research and make preparations for the shoot and finally another example a photographer may work on different locations and see what works well to the clients requirements. Nowadays half of professional photographers are mostly self-employed. An advantage for being a self employed photographer means they are in control of all the work that is produced so therefore if they are working on a photo shoot they then take on the role of a Director and quite possibly be an Editor for the photo’s they take. All the money they make they can keep, this is known as making a profit. A disadvantage however for a self-employed photographer without have an employer the photographer has the job of finding and to develop new clients. Also while without a fixed salary the levels of income are uncertain.
The remaining half would work for a wide range of photography company employers, these usually include
· Creative businesses
· Publishers
· Photography Agencies
With working in a photography company all the money made goes towards the company and is used towards paying the entire employee’s who work for the company.
Salaries for Photographers
Photography is a very competitive job and the result of that means photographers will only have a successful career and a good salary then the photographers needs to put the dedication and have the talent.
The average salary for a Photographer in the UK is around: £22,785.
According to the government’s Bureau of Labour Studies job statistics for photographer held around a rough estimate of 130,000 back in 2002; and around 50% of these were self-employed and on average many more of than for all other occupations.
Statistics for salaried positions for photographers showed that most of them worked for commercial photography studio are, advertising agencies, magazines and newspapers and television companies.
Job Vacancies
https://jobs.bbc.co.uk/fe/tpl_bbc01.asp?newms=hm
From using the link above, I tried looking for job vacancies for photography/photographers and the BBC didn’t have any job vacancies. The only jobs that had going was for in New Media industry was
· Digital Design Executive, Content & Channels Team
· Digital Design Manager, Content & Channels Team
· Interactive Editor, Radio 3/Classical
http://www.the-aop.org/home.asp?s=awards
On this website I was able to find a number of different jobs, these ranged from around: Production Co-ordinator, Studio Manager, and Senior Retoucher.
Press Publishers
Press Publishers is another name for people who are proofreaders when it comes to publishing a magazine or newspaper. Usually they would ensure that all the texts that is published are well written, the grammar is all correct. In the industry, it is known that it is not uncommon for press publishers will work with a number of employee’s at the same time. Some work activities, depending on how experienced the press publishers are and the employee’s activities this usually include; working with I-T based publishing systems, databases, paper manuscripts, disks and even the internet.
Salaries for Press Publishers
For press publishers their salaries vary from how many years they work as a press publisher and how many years experience that they have. 1-4 years their salary is roughly around 35,000-60,000 per year. 5-9 years their salary is from around 35,000- 65,000. For 10-19 years their salary is around 50,000-110,000 and finally for 20 years and over their salary is around 62,000-140,000.
Press Sub Editor
A press sub editor is responsible for the final look of the final copy that is published. This includes making sure that the style, tone and layout. They have to make sure that in doing this that it meets the criteria of the publications house style and whether it suit the target audience its aimed at. The editor work usually involves them processing all of the copies made before it is published to ensure that it reads well and fits together, it the grammar is correct and it is all factually correct. Another job they tend to make sure of is the layout of the story on the page, they write the headings of the stories and if any are needed on the page and also are sometimes design the overall page designs.
Salary for Press Sub Editors
The starting salaries for sub editors range from 17,000-20,000 for local paper and for small magazine companies.
Then 20,000-23,000 for larger regional or national paper companies.
However, salaries can sometimes lower though from the figures above this is because journalism is a popular field and may drive the entry pay down. Salaries for experienced or more senior sub-editors can vary from £25,000 to £50,000. And journalism can sometimes effect this too.
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